Proposal summaries

These are research proposals that have been approved by the ALSPAC exec. The titles include a B number which identifies the proposal and the date on which the proposals received ALSPAC exec approval.

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B4251 - Prenatal Environment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders - 27/02/2023

B number: 
B4251
Principal applicant name: 
Roberta Zupo | Research Hospital "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy (Italy)
Co-applicants: 
Fabio Castellana, Biostatistician, Rodolfo Sardone, PhD, MPH
Title of project: 
Prenatal Environment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Proposal summary: 

The mother's internal and external environment during the developmental stages of the fetus influences the health of the offspring. According to the evolutionary origins of health and disease theory,
environmental factors influence offspring and also affect health in adulthood. Recently, studies based on this theory have attracted attention for their clinical utility in identifying risk groups for various diseases.
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are on the rise globally and may be caused by exposure to certain
environments, lifestyle (including diet) prenatally during pregnancy. Researching the determinants of prenatal environment and lifestyle on the mechanism of NDD onset serves to fill a useful knowledge gap
in preventing the increase of these disorders and disseminating preventive medicine.
The goal of this research is to find out how different types of prenatal data (like lifestyle, nutrition, sociodemographics, and environment) interact to make a prediction algorithm (conversion score) for how
a child's brain develops. In this way, the statistical analysis of the dataset will try to find the most accurate predictors of how children's neurodevelopment and NDD will turn out. We'll make a machine learning
algorithm (like a support vector machine or a random forest) to rank the predictors by how well they can predict and choose a weighted average of that power.

Impact of research: 
Taking action on modifiable factors early in pregnancy could have far-reaching effects on public health practice and policy development, in addition to helping us learn more about human biology, nutrition, economic growth, and the creation of future wealth.
Date proposal received: 
Friday, 17 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 27 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Epidemiology, Pregnancy - e.g. reproductive health, postnatal depression, birth outcomes, etc., Computer simulations/modelling/algorithms, Birth outcomes

B4269 - Risk factors for developing depression in adolescents and young people - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4269
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Ms Nazifa Afsar
Title of project: 
Risk factors for developing depression in adolescents and young people
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability
worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.
Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young
people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in
young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which
stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in
young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further
investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among
these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the
development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be
targeted when designing early intervention in young people. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in
young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon
Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around
14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study
include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse, parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness,
or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms
occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old),
using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire). Expected statistical analyses to apply include correlations,
regression analyses and path analyses, using SPSS.

Impact of research: 
To identify relevant risk factors for depression in young people.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 21 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition

B4270 - Identification of risk factors for developing depression in adolescents and young people - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4270
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Ms Qihui Yan
Title of project: 
Identification of risk factors for developing depression in adolescents and young people
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability
worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.
Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young
people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in
young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which
stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in
young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further
investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among
these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the
development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be
targeted when designing early intervention in young people. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in
young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon
Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around
14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study
include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse,
parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness,
or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms
occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old),
using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire). Expected statistical analyses to apply include correlations,
regression analyses and path analyses, using SPSS.

Impact of research: 
To identify relevant risk factors for depression in young people.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 21 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition

B4271 - Risk factors for depression in adolescents and young people - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4271
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Ms Yuan Yang
Title of project: 
Risk factors for depression in adolescents and young people
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability
worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.
Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young
people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in
young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which
stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in
young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further
investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among
these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the
development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be
targeted when designing early intervention in young people. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in
young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon
Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around
14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study
include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse,
parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness,
or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms
occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old),
using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire). Expected statistical analyses to apply include correlations,
regression analyses and path analyses, using SPSS.

Impact of research: 
To identify relevant risk factors for depression in young people.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 21 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition

B4272 - Identifying of risk factors for depression in young people - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4272
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Ms Kaixin Hao
Title of project: 
Identifying of risk factors for depression in young people
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability
worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.
Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young
people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in
young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which
stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in
young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further
investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among
these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the
development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be
targeted when designing early intervention in young people. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in
young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon
Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around
14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study
include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse,
parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness,
or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms
occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old),
using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire). Expected statistical analyses to apply include correlations,
regression analyses and path analyses, using SPSS.

Impact of research: 
To identify relevant risk factors for depression in young people.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 21 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition

B4273 - Risk factors for depression in adolescents and young adulthood - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4273
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Ms Hajirah Jehan
Title of project: 
Risk factors for depression in adolescents and young adulthood
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability
worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.
Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young
people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in
young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which
stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in
young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further
investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among
these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the
development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be
targeted when designing early intervention in young people. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in
young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon
Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around
14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study
include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse,
parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness,
or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms
occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old),
using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire). Expected statistical analyses to apply include correlations,
regression analyses and path analyses, using SPSS.

Impact of research: 
To identify relevant risk factors for depression in young people.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 21 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition

B4257 - Is maternal BMI causally linked to offspring neurodevelopmental traits - 27/02/2023

B number: 
B4257
Principal applicant name: 
Dheeraj Rai | Bristol Medical School (UK)
Co-applicants: 
Dr Christina Dardani, Dr Renee Gardner, Ms Shuyun Chen
Title of project: 
Is maternal BMI causally linked to offspring neurodevelopmental traits?
Proposal summary: 

Maternal overweight or obesity (defined by an elevated body mass index exceeding 25.0–29.9 or 30.0–34.9 kg/m2, respectively) has been associated with autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. However, little is known on whether these associations may be causal, considering that observational investigations may be limited by confounding and reverse causation. Epidemiological approaches integrating genotype information have the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional observational approaches and provide evidence of potential causality.

Impact of research: 
Further current understanding on the potential influence of maternal BMI on offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Date proposal received: 
Saturday, 11 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Genetic epidemiology (including association studies and mendelian randomisation), Pregnancy - e.g. reproductive health, postnatal depression, birth outcomes, etc., Statistical methods, Birth outcomes

B4258 - CAMERA Causes and MEchanisms foR non-atopic Asthma in children - 06/03/2023

B number: 
B4258
Principal applicant name: 
Charlotte Rutter | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (UK)
Co-applicants: 
Dr Lucy Pembrey, Miss Mary Njoroge, Mr Steven Robertson, Prof Neil Pearce, Prof Jeroen Douwes, Dr Harriet Mpairwe, Dr Letícia Marques dos Santos, Dr Camila Figueiredo, Prof Auxiliadora Damiane Pereira Vieira da Costa, Ms Karla Nicole Ramos de Oliveira
Title of project: 
CAMERA (Causes and MEchanisms foR non-atopic Asthma in children)
Proposal summary: 

Use outcome data on asthma and atopy in children across different settings over a wide age range. Combine these outcomes with information on potential risk factors from questionnaires to identify those that are associated with atopic asthma and non-atopic asthma.

Impact of research: 
To add to the evidence of risk factors for asthma, specifically identifying any different risk factors for atopic asthma versus non-atopic. This could direct future research and may also affect clinical decisions (depending on findings).
Date proposal received: 
Friday, 17 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Epidemiology, Allergy, Mental health, Obesity, Respiratory - asthma, Statistical methods, BMI, Environment - enviromental exposure, pollution, Nutrition - breast feeding, diet, Psychology - personality, Pets

B4268 - Risk factors for developing depression in young people - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4268
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Ms Mary Ilori
Title of project: 
Risk factors for developing depression in young people
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be targeted when designing early intervention in young people. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around 14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse, parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness, or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old), using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire). Expected statistical analyses to apply include correlations, regression analyses and path analyses, using SPSS.

Impact of research: 
To identify relevant risk factors for depression in young people.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 21 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 23 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition

B4245 - Relationships Between Emotion Recognition Visual Memory Working Memory Capacity and Mental Health - 20/02/2023

B number: 
B4245
Principal applicant name: 
Ian Penton-Voak | univresity of bristol (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Rumeysa Kuruoglu
Title of project: 
Relationships Between Emotion Recognition, Visual Memory, Working Memory Capacity, and Mental Health
Proposal summary: 

Individuals with mood disorders have cognitive biases towards disorder-related cues in the environment. Emotion recognition ability is distorted in mood disorders. People with mood disorders tend to perceive ambiguous facial expressions more negative compare to healthy controls. Working memory capacity is decreased in mood disorders which is related to the perception of emotions. Also, mood disorders are related to memory deficits. The aim of this project is to examine the relationship between emotion recognition, visual memory, memory, working memory capacity, and mental health. Also, replicate previous findings of distorted emotion recognition and decreased working memory capacity in mood disorders in a large sample.

Impact of research: 
Further understanding of relationships between mental health and cognition, to identify potential cognitive biomarkers and/or treatment targets.
Date proposal received: 
Thursday, 26 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 20 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition, Mental health, Statistical methods, Confounders: - sex - child ethnicity - highest parental social class - mother’s highest education level - housing tenure - maternal tobacco use during pregnancy - mother’s age at birth - IQ scores - head injury

B4255 - Identification of risk factors for developing depression in young people - 23/02/2023

B number: 
B4255
Principal applicant name: 
Isabel Morales-Muñoz | School of Psychology, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Mr Clement Ola
Title of project: 
Identification of risk factors for developing depression in young people
Proposal summary: 

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Further, depression is one of the most common mental health problems in young people, with an estimated prevalence of 5.6%. Most importantly, depression in young people is frequently an indicator of recurrent or chronic depression which stretches into adulthood. Thus, to recognise, prevent, and treat depression in young ages is crucial. However, a number of important issues need further investigation to aid early intervention in depression in young people. And among these, it is crucial to identify those risk factors that have greatest impact in the development of depression in young people, as these are the factors that should be targeted when designing early intervention in young people.6 Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify relevant risk factors for the development of depression in young people. To do this, we will use secondary data analyses, using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which comprises around 14,000 individuals recruited at birth. Risk factors to be investigated in this study include sleep, cognitive function, diet, substance abuse, childhood abuse, parenting style, academic performance, social relationships, school connectedness, or self-esteem, among others. Further, we will focus on depression symptoms occurring at several time points across adolescence (from 13 to 21 years old), using a validated questionnaire on depression (the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire).

Impact of research: 
The likely impact will be the MSc dissertation projects of each of these MSc students, and also a group peer-reviewed scientific publication.
Date proposal received: 
Friday, 10 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 20 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition, Mental health, Statistical methods, Psychology - personality

B4253 - Admin Archive request access to ethics and consent documents for Research Tissue bank application - 17/02/2023

B number: 
B4253
Principal applicant name: 
Alix Groom | University of Bristol, UK (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Title of project: 
Admin Archive request: access to ethics and consent documents for Research Tissue bank application
Proposal summary: 

Please see documents in associated B number folder

Impact of research: 
Date proposal received: 
Friday, 10 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Friday, 17 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Bioinformatics

B4246 - The role of genetics in the intergenerational transmission of IPVA - 07/02/2023

B number: 
B4246
Principal applicant name: 
Emma Dennie | Bristol Medical School
Co-applicants: 
Dr. Hannah Sallis, Dr Marcus Munafo, Dr. Annie Herbert, Dr. Angela Attwood
Title of project: 
The role of genetics in the intergenerational transmission of IPVA
Proposal summary: 

Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA; whether cohabiting or not) is a widespread public health issue which often results in serious physical and psychological harm. In the last 50 years, research has been dedicated to understanding IPVA, including its effects and why it takes place. Research has highlighted that individuals who experience or witness IPVA during childhood are more likely to become perpetrators or survivors of IPVA in the future which is referred to as intergenerational transmission. However, the mechanisms behind this are debated. There are several theories in the literature including Social Learning Theory and biological theory, which are among the more prominent. The social learning approach theorises that offspring learn the violent attitudes/behaviour from their environment, in particular their parent(s). However, this theory does not account for the offspring in violent homes who do not exhibit IPVA in their relationships, or those who do not grow up in violent homes who become perpetrators or survivors in the future. Recent findings suggest that IPVA is passed from parent to offspring through environmental factors, psychological factors, and underlying biological mechanisms including a genetic component. The studies on genetic liability and IPVA outcomes to date have largely involved twin studies with preliminary results. This study will expand on previous research and use a novel approach to explain why some offspring are at increased risk of perpetrating or suffering IPVA in their future relationships.

Impact of research: 
The research will be written up and submitted for publication to a peer reviewed journal. This research will provide a springboard for future genetic and epigenetic research on IPVA, in order to better understand mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of IPVA. It will inform future interventions for secondary prevention of offspring IPVA.
Date proposal received: 
Tuesday, 31 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Tuesday, 7 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Epidemiology, Behaviour - e.g. antisocial behaviour, risk behaviour, etc., Mental health, GWAS, Statistical methods, Cohort studies - attrition, bias, participant engagement, ethics, Childhood - childcare, childhood adversity, Genetic epidemiology, Genome wide association study, Mendelian randomisation, Offspring

B4249 - Understanding causes and consequences of body composition cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness - 06/02/2023

B number: 
B4249
Principal applicant name: 
Snehal M Pinto Pereira | UCL (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Prof Mark Hamer, Prof Rachel Cooper, Prof Ulf Ekelund, Dr Alex Ireland, Prof Nicholas Timpson
Title of project: 
Understanding causes and consequences of body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness
Proposal summary: 

Health related physical fitness has 3 main subcomponents: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness. Body composition refers to the percentage of muscle, fat, bone and water in the body; CRF refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during physical activity; muscular fitness refers to the ability to do work against a load (and is usually judged by muscle strength). The 3 components of physical fitness are affected by physical activity and are associated with important health outcomes like cardiovascular disease and frailty. Body composition, CRF and muscular fitness develop and change over a lifetime, and, in adulthood, meaningful changes in them are achievable in the general population. Thus, if we want to develop strategies to maintain our health for as long as possible, we need to understand the causes and consequences of these 3 aspects of fitness as well as how they are related to each other.
Behaviours can influence the components of fitness, e.g., higher intensity physical activity is associated with subsequent higher CRF. So, it is unsurprising that government guidelines recommend doing activities to improve/maintain CRF (i.e., moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity) and muscle strength (i.e., strength building activities). However, the general population’s perception of physical activity is skewed towards aerobic activity which mostly benefits CRF. Muscle strengthening activities are often referred to as ‘forgotten’ guidelines. To demonstrate and emphasise the unique added value of the different types of physical activity recommended by the guidelines, we need to understand the independent effects of CRF and muscle strength on health. Moreover, the fitness components are interrelated and can influence each other, but questions remain unanswered, e.g., we do not know whether duration of exposure to obesity is important for CRF or the extent to which CRF influences muscle strength and vice-versa. Understanding interrelationships with obesity in particular is crucial, because, compared with older generations, younger generations are accumulating greater exposure to obesity throughout their lives, and the impact of living longer with obesity is potentially enormous.
‘Real life’ is complex and outside of a lab or a randomised trial it is difficult to assess cause. However, some extremely important health questions like ‘how much of the effect of obesity on poor health could be avoided if everyone was strong?’ cannot be answered in a lab or by doing a trial. This is where the approach we will adopt is valuable: we will use different analytical methods and different datasets to answer our questions. The datasets and methods we will use have different strengths and weaknesses and taken together they overcome weaknesses of studying cause and effect in a single dataset with a single method. Therefore, our adopted approach is extremely powerful in terms of triangulating evidence for (or against) causality when results from the different datasets and analysis methods are considered collectively. We will use the 5 different national cohorts to address 3 specific knowledge gaps. We aim to better understand the (i) interrelations between components of physical fitness (muscular fitness, CRF, and body composition), how they affect each other and subsequently cause poor health; and to improve understanding of influences over a life-time on, and the development of, (ii) CRF and (iii) muscular fitness. Our work will promote the physical activity guidelines regarding specificity of types of exercise that should be encouraged at the population level and provide evidence for when an ideal life stage might be to intervene to promote maintenance of high levels of CRF and muscular fitness for as long as possible. This work is therefore of relevance, and, will have impact on, health policy. Finally, our work will demonstrate how to make best use of existing data resources.

Impact of research: 
By addressing the 3 identified knowledge gaps I will advance not only academic research, but also deliver demonstrable value for health policy. For example, my work will promote CMO guidelines regarding specificity of types of exercise that should be encouraged at the population level and provide evidence for when an ideal life stage might be to intervene to promote maintenance of high levels of cardiorespiratory/muscular fitness for as long as possible.
Date proposal received: 
Monday, 6 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 6 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Epidemiology, Obesity, physical activity, Computer simulations/modelling/algorithms, Statistical methods, Ageing, Biomarkers - e.g. cotinine, fatty acids, haemoglobin, etc., BMI, Mendelian randomisation, Physical - activity, fitness, function, Statistical methods

B4247 - Genetic Research Of Asthma From The Study Of Genes Belonging To Metabolic Pathways Including Interleukin 6 Search For Associati - 07/02/2023

B number: 
B4247
Principal applicant name: 
Raquel Granell | MRC IEU, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School
Co-applicants: 
Dr Christina Dardani, Marie-Helene Dizier, Rachel Nadif, Laurent Orsi, Patricia Jeannin
Title of project: 
Genetic Research Of Asthma From The Study Of Genes Belonging To Metabolic Pathways Including Interleukin 6: Search For Associati
Proposal summary: 

Dysregulation of the immune defence system of the lungs can induce inflammation and lead to chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Numerous cytokines are involved in this process. Among these cytokines, those of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family play a very important immunoregulatory role. Recent studies on IL-6 have shown that this cytokine is not simply a by-product of inflammation, but instead may play a role in the aetiology of asthma. It has been suggested that a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways related to IL-6 could improve asthma treatment while minimising side effects. A few genetic studies have already reported an association between IL-6 genetic variants and asthma, with divergent results depending on the type of asthma. Specifically, a Finnish study showed an association with adult-onset allergic asthma, while a GWAS study showed an association specifically with childhood-onset asthma and no association with adult-onset asthma. The association between IL-6 and asthma seems to be established, but not yet well understood, especially regarding to which asthma phenotype the cytokine may be related. Furthermore, interactions between IL-6 and tobacco smoking exposure were shown in different diseases including asthma.

Impact of research: 
Date proposal received: 
Thursday, 2 February, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 6 February, 2023
Keywords: 
Genetic epidemiology (including association studies and mendelian randomisation), Allergy, GWAS, Genome wide association study

B4240 - Migraine and inflammation during pregnancy and ADHD in the offspring- Disentangling the causal links - 30/01/2023

B number: 
B4240
Principal applicant name: 
Evie Stergiakouli | MRC IEU
Co-applicants: 
Miss Yaxin Luo, Dr Christina Dardani, Dr Rachel Blakey
Title of project: 
Migraine and inflammation during pregnancy and ADHD in the offspring- Disentangling the causal links
Proposal summary: 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition (Rube & Kaur, 2012) that has been associated with several adverse health outcomes. Some of them are auto-immune conditions and migraine. However, the mechanisms behind these associations are unclear and it remains to be established if maternal immune-related conditions and migraine during pregnancy could increase risk for ADHD in the offspring.
Studies have suggested that the prevalence of ADHD is significantly higher in children with migraine (Arruda et al., 2010), although they are different kinds of brain disorders(Justyna, 2017). Migraine is twice as prevalent in females, and acetaminophen (paracetamol), a common medication indicated for migraine, is considered generally safe for use during all stages of pregnancy. However, there is evidence indicating that acetaminophen use during the prenatal period may increase the risk of multiple behavioural difficulties in the offspring (Stergiakouli et al., 2016). The mechanisms for the association remain unclear. One hypothesis is that migraine and ADHD may share common genetic variants. Meanwhile, paracetamol could be mediating the association between migraine and ADHD. Distinguishing between these explanations is important because they have different prevention and treatment implications.
Research suggests that ADHD and immune-related conditions might co-occur (Anand et al., 2017). Although associations exist between ADHD and asthma (Leffa et al., 2021), little is known about the potential role of ADHD in later inflammation. We hypothesize that ADHD might be involved in the pathway of development of inflammation or immunological indicators. Further study is warranted to assess the causal association between ADHD and inflammation indicators in different stages in the lifespan.

Impact of research: 
We hope to develop a better understanding of the offspring health effects of mothers with migraine and migraine related medicine during pregnancy. Meanwhile, we hope to better understand the origins and consequences of ADHD.
Date proposal received: 
Friday, 20 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 30 January, 2023
Keywords: 
Genetic epidemiology (including association studies and mendelian randomisation), Behaviour - e.g. antisocial behaviour, risk behaviour, etc., Developmental disorders - autism, Mental health, Pregnancy - e.g. reproductive health, postnatal depression, birth outcomes, etc., GWAS, Microarrays, NMR, Statistical methods, Genetic epidemiology, Genetics, Mothers - maternal age, menopause, obstetrics, Offspring

B4242 - Children of the 90s Coping strategies Study Long COVID sub-study - 30/01/2023

B number: 
B4242
Principal applicant name: 
Jean Golding | University of Bristol (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Prof Carol Joinson, Mrs Yasmin Iles-Caven, Prof Kate Northstone, Prof Crystal Park, Dr Lucy Beasant
Title of project: 
Children of the 90s Coping strategies Study (Long COVID sub-study)
Proposal summary: 

Children of the 90s aims to discover as much as possible about our health. People cope in many different ways with ill health, especially long-term or chronic illnesses. By interviewing 120 Children of the 90s participants with either long Covid, diabetes or asthma, we hope to gain important insights into the most effective ways of managing chronic conditions.

Impact of research: 
The interviews proposed in this study are part of a much larger study investigating a number of major research questions concerning beliefs and behaviours, including religiosity and spirituality and their relationship with health and well-being (see https://ahrp.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/) Findings from the Beliefs, Behaviours & Health Research Programme (RSBB) will be used to inform the academic community and the public of any advantages (or disadvantages) of religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours to health.
Date proposal received: 
Thursday, 26 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 30 January, 2023
Keywords: 
Mental health - Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition, long COVID, Qualitative study, long COVID, coping, beliefs, behaviours

B4244 - Genetics of neurodevelopmental traits and disorders in ALSPAC - 15/05/2023

B number: 
B4244
Principal applicant name: 
Hilary Martin | Wellcome Sanger Institute, UK (UK)
Co-applicants: 
Dr. Varun Warrier, Prof. Stephan Sanders, Prof. Michael Talkowski, Dr. Mahmoud Koko Musa, Dr. Ruth Eberhardt, Dr. Kyle Satterstrom, Dr. Shan Dong, Dr. Jack Fu, Dr. Stephanie Hao, Yuanjun Gu
Title of project: 
Genetics of neurodevelopmental traits and disorders in ALSPAC
Proposal summary: 

This project will look at the genetic underpinnings of neurodevelopmental traits such as cognitive ability and social and communication difficulties, and the genetics of related conditions such as autism, intellectual disability and ADHD. It is known that both common and rare genetic variants influence these traits. In this project, we will use the extensive longitudinal data in ALSPAC to construct trajectories of neurodevelopmental traits over time, and look at genetic influences on these and whether they are moderated by environmental factors. We will also contribute data to the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC), a leading international collaborative group working on deciphering autism genetics and its relation to cognition and brain development. We plan to combine ALSPAC clinical and sequencing data with other datasets of similar nature from the ASC, to identify new genes underlying autism, understand genetic differences between autistic individuals who have different co-morbidities and understand sex differences in autism.

Impact of research: 
Our research will lead to a greater understanding of how different types of genetic and environmental factors affect neurodevelopment and its relation to autism. It will increase our understanding of the relationship between rare genetic variants and autistic traits, helping decipher the elusive mechanisms of observed sex differences in autism.
Date proposal received: 
Thursday, 26 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 30 January, 2023
Keywords: 
Genetic epidemiology (including association studies and mendelian randomisation), Behaviour - e.g. antisocial behaviour, risk behaviour, etc., Developmental disorders - autism, Cognitive impairment, Congenital abnormalities, Epilepsy, Learning difficulty, Mental health, Speech/language problem, DNA sequencing, GWAS, Statistical methods, Childhood - childcare, childhood adversity, Cognition - cognitive function, Speech and language, Communication (including non-verbal), Development, Genetic epidemiology, Genetics, Genomics, Genome wide association study, Neurology, Sex differences

B4244 - Genetics of neurodevelopmental traits and disorders in ALSPAC - 15/05/2023

B number: 
B4244
Principal applicant name: 
Hilary Martin | Wellcome Sanger Institute, UK (UK)
Co-applicants: 
Dr. Varun Warrier, Prof. Stephan Sanders, Prof. Michael Talkowski, Dr. Mahmoud Koko Musa, Dr. Ruth Eberhardt, Dr. Kyle Satterstrom, Dr. Shan Dong, Dr. Jack Fu, Dr. Stephanie Hao, Yuanjun Gu
Title of project: 
Genetics of neurodevelopmental traits and disorders in ALSPAC
Proposal summary: 

This project will look at the genetic underpinnings of neurodevelopmental traits such as cognitive ability and social and communication difficulties, and the genetics of related conditions such as autism, intellectual disability and ADHD. It is known that both common and rare genetic variants influence these traits. In this project, we will use the extensive longitudinal data in ALSPAC to construct trajectories of neurodevelopmental traits over time, and look at genetic influences on these and whether they are moderated by environmental factors. We will also contribute data to the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC), a leading international collaborative group working on deciphering autism genetics and its relation to cognition and brain development. We plan to combine ALSPAC clinical and sequencing data with other datasets of similar nature from the ASC, to identify new genes underlying autism, understand genetic differences between autistic individuals who have different co-morbidities and understand sex differences in autism.

Impact of research: 
Our research will lead to a greater understanding of how different types of genetic and environmental factors affect neurodevelopment and its relation to autism. It will increase our understanding of the relationship between rare genetic variants and autistic traits, helping decipher the elusive mechanisms of observed sex differences in autism.
Date proposal received: 
Thursday, 26 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Monday, 30 January, 2023
Keywords: 
Genetic epidemiology (including association studies and mendelian randomisation), Behaviour - e.g. antisocial behaviour, risk behaviour, etc., Developmental disorders - autism, Cognitive impairment, Congenital abnormalities, Epilepsy, Learning difficulty, Mental health, Speech/language problem, DNA sequencing, GWAS, Statistical methods, Childhood - childcare, childhood adversity, Cognition - cognitive function, Speech and language, Communication (including non-verbal), Development, Genetic epidemiology, Genetics, Genomics, Genome wide association study, Neurology, Sex differences

B4234 - Investigating Associations Between Religious/Spiritual Beliefs and Behaviours and Inflammation - 06/02/2023

B number: 
B4234
Principal applicant name: 
Neil Goulding | Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol (United Kingdom)
Co-applicants: 
Dr Matthew Suderman
Title of project: 
Investigating Associations Between Religious/Spiritual Beliefs and Behaviours and Inflammation
Proposal summary: 

This project will investigate whether someone’s religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviors (RSBB) influences protein levels of individuals and their offspring. It will be hypothesis driven, so we will look at all relevant RSBB-linked questions from ALSPAC questionnaires as possible exposures. We will also investigate whether attending a faith school (G1) is associated with protein levels at age 9 and 24. Furthermore, we will also explore whether intergenerational shifts in terms of people gaining/losing faith in ALSPAC have any effect on protein levels; and similarly, whether discordance between parents’ RSBB affects offspring protein levels.
The outcomes are the 92 proteins analysed by Olink, plus the inflammatory biomarkers Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) which were measured previously in ALSPAC. We will also look at the ratio of IL-10 to IL-6, since it has been highlighted as an inflammation biomarker connected with spiritual activation. As a validation exercise, we will also include IL-6 measured by clinical chemistry, to compare with results from IL-6 measured by Olink. The ALSPAC proteomic data includes approximately 3000 samples from each of three age groups: the mothers from the 1st Focus on Mothers clinic (FOM1) and the children at ages 9 and 24, with a significant sample overlap between the three groups.

Impact of research: 
Identification of proteomic biomarkers of RSBB
Date proposal received: 
Thursday, 12 January, 2023
Date proposal approved: 
Thursday, 26 January, 2023
Keywords: 
Anthropology, Behaviour - e.g. antisocial behaviour, risk behaviour, etc., Religiosity Spiritualism, Proteomics, Statistical methods, Biological samples -e.g. blood, cell lines, saliva, etc., Biomarkers - e.g. cotinine, fatty acids, haemoglobin, etc., Statistical methods, Religion Spiritualism Proteomics

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