Individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a life expectancy 17 years lower than that of their healthy peers, with over 2/3 of this increased risk of premature mortality due to the development of cardiovascular disease. A significant proportion of young people with T1D have evidence of cardiovascular risk factors which are already detectable by adolescence / young adulthood; including well-established markers of future heart attacks and other events such as nervous system problems (autonomic dysfuntion), high blood pressure (hypertension), and stiffening of the major arteries (early vascular ageing).