Urbanisation has a profound effect on respiratory health in children, partly through some of the adverse environmental exposures such as air pollution and loss of biodiversity. However, relatively little is known about how different land use types within a given neighbourhood affect respiratory health in children over the life course. Evidence is scarce regarding the so-called grey space (industrial, transport hub etc) on children respiratory health in the UK. Recent studies have reported health impacts of certain land use types in children respiratory health, such as green and blue spaces, although the evidence is not always consistent. Parts of the reasons were due to the less accurate assessment of multidimensional nature of green space (amount, types, quality, usages) and the use of a crude indicator in statistical models without strong statistical justifications. This project therefore aims to investigate the effects of land use mix (LUM) around the residential environment on children respiratory health, using both conventional and novel statistical techniques.