Previous studies have associated exposure to urban natural environments during
pregnancy with improved birth outcomes. But there are still some gaps in the
knowledge:
(1) The results showed different patterns in different settings maybe because of
their differences in climate, vegetation type, culture, etc. There is a need to
evaluate this association in a larger sample size with standardized methodology
from several cohorts
(2) The majority of previous studies are focused on birth weight. But the available
evidence on the association between natural environments and other birth
outcomes is still scarce or null
(3) The vast majority of previous studies are focused on green spaces and the
availability of studies focused on the association between blue spaces and birth
outcomes is very scarce