Who will benefit? Academic: The principal beneficiaries of this research will be academics who are working in the field of lung development during childhood. There will be opportunities for cross-disciplinary collaborations through the EC COST Action: Developmental Origins of Chronic Lung Disease and we are working on collaborations across the life course, for example, with the ECRHS study to investigate comparative influence of genetic and lifestyle factors on lung function. ALSPAC is a member of several large-scale consortia working on genetic underpinnings of lung function, COPD and asthma, which will benefit from the additional data generated by this research. Data will be shared more widely through the existing ALSPAC data management and dissemination policy. Patients and Public: Increased recognition and understanding of the childhood origins of obstructive lung diseases will benefit patients, their representative organisation, practitioners and the general public understanding of health and disease. Policy Makers: Identification of factors in childhood that can influence life course lung development and resulting adult lung function has policy implications for early recognition of high risk populations, healthcare advice and public health policy to control exposure to adverse factors where possible. Industry: Increased emphasis on early life factors with demonstrable long term influences on lung function potentially opens pathways to modification of current treatment strategies and new therapeutic targets. Linkage to a large repository of biological data has the potential to discover biomarkers of disease phenotypes that could be amenable to personalised approaches to treatment. How will they benefit? Scientific advancement: This proposal will generate new knowledge through understanding some of the important early life influences on the development of lung function. It will also provide the scientific community with data that can be applied to other research questions concerning the genetic and environmental influences on lung function acquisition. This will stimulate further research to identify pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations, contributing to UK scientific capital. Increased understanding and awareness: Patients and Practitioners will benefit from recognition that early life factors are important contributors to the development of obstructive lung diseases in adults. Clinicians will have evidence-based knowledge on which to advise patients about risk factors and interventions, including lifestyle changes. Public understanding about early life risk factors for COPD may shift their attitudes to research in this area, benefiting charitable organisations by increasing available research funding. This work is important to in order to identify interventions to reduce the risk of poor lung health, COPD and associated mortality.