In this project we will investigate the presence of 'genetic nurturing' in ALSPAC across a range of phenotypes including educational attainment, smoking and alcohol intake. We will estimate genetic nurture as the contribution that parental genotype makes to offspring phenotype through expression of the parents phenotype by creating non-transmitted polygenic scores for ALSPAC participants. There is evidence of genetic nurturing effects for educational attainment (Kong et al, 2018) and we intend to extend this work to further phenotypes to assess how genetic nurture may vary across health and social traits. We will also examine a number of phenotypes for which there should be no genetic nurtutring effects (blood pressure, CRP, lipids) as negative control experiments.