Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonises on the gastric epithelium, and there is clear evidence for its role in causing gastrointestinal diseases. Studies in the United Kingdom have demonstrated the prevalence of H. pylori infection status ranging from 26-66% of the population. There is increasing evidence of the role H. pylori in the development of other diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Given the relatively high prevalence of infection, this is potentially an important disease risk factor that merits causal investigation. Studies have suggested that infection with H. pylori may affect lipid metabolism, especially with the cardiovascular risk factors: HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoproteins. By this mechanism, this could increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Additionally, studies have postulated that H. pylori could be involved in the development of atherosclerosis by causing vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. H. pylori has also been shown to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Through the disruption of epithelial cell functions by H. pylori cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA), this oncogenic factor activates oncogenic pathways in these cells and induces epigenetic modifications which play a significant role in initiating carcinogenesis.