Objectives:

To examine the association of maternal dietary iron intake (including supplements) and haemoglobin levels during pregnancy with offspring brachial artery endothelial function measured by FMD, arterial stiffness by carotid-radial PWV and brachial distensibility (DC) at age 10 years.

To explore whether the association of maternal dietary iron intake with the offspring vascular phenotype in objective 1 is likely to be due to a causal intrauterine mechanism, by comparing maternal dietary iron - offspring vascular phenotype associations to partner dietary iron intake (assessed ~4.5 years after birth of index child) - offspring vascular phenotype.

To examine the association of cord ferritin with offspring brachial artery endothelial function measured by FMD, arterial stiffness by carotid to radial PWV and brachial distensibility (DC) at age 10 years.

To examine whether the association of maternal dietary iron intake and haemoglobin levels with offspring vascular phenotypes (as in objective 1) are mediated by cord ferritin levels.

To examine whether any of the associations of maternal dietary iron intake, haemoglobin levels or cord ferritin with offspring vascular phenotypes are mediated by offspring birth weight, gestational age, BMI and dietary iron intake.