The overall aim of this proposal is to address the MRC, ESRC and Alcohol Research UK: Call for Alcohol Misuse Research theme "Quantifying the harms to non-drinkers". Such secondary harms or harms from passive drinking refer to the indirect harm (e.g. cognitive, developmental, psychological, domestic violence, crime, injury, and loss of productivity) to others (e.g. foetus, child/ren, partner, and society) resulting from someone else's drinking. Therefore, the overall aim of this project is to quantify the social, psychological and economic costs to families from either one or both parents' alcohol consumption.

To determine the indirect harms of parental drinking on the child, the project will:

1) longitudinally quantify the indirect harms across the child's lifespan (from foetus to aged ) from parental drinking on neurodevelopment and educational attainment, psychological well-being and substance use for the child

2) consider whether there are sex differences in indirect harms experienced

3) determine the harm resulting from different patterns of drinking over time, and whether changes in alcohol consumption/patterns of drinking result in changes in the associated harm

4) determine protective factors (resilience)

5) determine the combined harm of alcohol and domestic violence

6) determine the associated economic costs of parental drinking on the child by examining service utilization

To determine the indirect harms of partner drinking on the other partner, the project will:

1) longitudinally quantify the indirect harms across the partner relationship on psychological well-being and substance use

2) consider whether there are differences in indirect harms experienced, depending on the sex and sexuality of the partners

3) determine the harm resulting from different patterns of drinking over time, and whether changes in alcohol consumption/patterns of drinking result in changes in the associated harm

4) determine protective factors (resilience)

5) determine the combined harm of alcohol and domestic violence

6) determine the associated economic costs of parental drinking on the child by examining service utilization.