Mental health problems can run in families, and children with parents or grandparents who struggle with mental health are at a higher risk of facing challenges in their development. For example, when parents or grandparents have mental health problems, it can sometimes lead to poorer outcomes for children. However, it’s not yet clear whether this is due to a general pattern of mental health issues or due to specific mental health conditions only. We also don’t fully understand whether some aspects of a child’s development, like their behaviour, health, or learning, are more affected than others. Importantly, not all children with a family history of mental health problems will have developmental issues. Therefore, it’s crucial to figure out what helps protect children and build resilience against these risks. To explore this, we are using data from the ALSPAC, which includes information on three generations: grandparents (G0), parents (G1), and children (G2). We aim to find out if children with a family history of mental health problems are more likely to face challenges in early childhood, such as having a difficult temperament, poor health, behavioural issues (like trouble sleeping), or delays in language development.