Observational studies have found evidence that depression, anxiety and neuroticism are prospectively associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. Although prospective studies provide evidence of the direction of observed associations, they are limited by unmeasured and residual confounding. Observational studies that rely on self-report questionnaires to assess depression, anxiety and neuroticism exposures are also limited by measurement error. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be used estimate an individual’s underlying genetic liability to complex traits such as depression, anxiety and neuroticism. PRS should not be associated with genetic or environmental confounders at a population level, which can bias observational studies.