Social inequalities exist across a range of social and health outcomes.3,4 They are harmful to individuals and have been exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic and cost-of-living crisis.5,6 The UK is one of the most unequal developed nations,7 where inequalities cost an estimated £106bn a year8 and are a largely agreed national policy priority (e.g., All Our Health; Levelling Up). Previous research has largely focussed on social or genetic influences in isolation, ignoring one of two truths; that population level social and cultural factors impacts individual outcomes, and that biology has an impact on human behaviour. This project will address the urgent issue of social inequality by examining how (dis)advantage is transmitted from parents to children. It will draw on methods from population genetics to improve evidence and complement existing social scientific research into the formation of inequalities.