Language is vital for social-emotional development during childhood and it is unsurprising, therefore, that language disorder is associated with a number of mental difficulties including symptoms of depression and anxiety. There is sound evidence for the heritability of language traits in children, but little is known about the specific genetic variants that explain this heritability. Identifying such markers will enhance understanding of the aetiology of mental health difficulties in those with language disorder and could inform early interventions designed to prevent adverse outcomes and improve quality of life in the most vulnerable children. The proposed project will assess the extent to which a number of different genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) can predict language ability, including language disorder, in clinical and population-based samples.