Evidence is accumulating that psychosocial adversity in early life may have life-long consequences for health, particularly for cardiovascular disease and depression. However, most of the work in this area has significant methodological limitations in measuring adversity, including reliance on unweighted counts of early life adverse events, retrospective reporting of adversity in childhood, and failure to account for trajectories of adversity from birth through adolescence. Moreover, very few studies have examined positive factors from early life that may promote cardiovascular health and mitigate depression risk over the life course. The identification of such early life protective factors, coupled with an enhanced measure of cumulative adversity, will enhance our understanding of how early life experiences can “get into the body” to affect health risk and resilience over the life course. In this study, we will examine trajectories of psychosocial adversity from birth through adolescence, and examine patterning in early adulthood cardiovascular and depression risk according to membership in each trajectory group. We will also develop and validate a measure of childhood positive home environment, and examine whether experiencing a positive home environment is associated with enhanced cardiovascular health and less depressive risk in early adulthood. This study is the first to consider how both the accumulation of psychosocial risk, as well as the accumulation of protective psychosocial factors early in life, affect health over the life course. All study hypotheses will be tested using existing ALSPAC data measured from birth through early adulthood.