In collaboration with Professor John Henderson, the Cardiff group has focused on the preterm and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) populations of the ALSPAC cohort to assess their cardiorespiratory outcomes. The data show deficits in lung function that are significant in both populations at 8 years of age but seem to improve later at 15 years of age. However, it is unclear if these deficits are related to clinical outcomes. Thus we wish to extend the studies to investigate if these deficits in both groups, i.e. children who were born preterm or with IUGR, have clinical implications due to the lung function decrements. Recent publications on the cohort associate lower levels of physical activity with increased adiposity and blood pressure- both risk factors for cardiovascular disease later in life but we wish to extend our studies with John Lowe who will register for a higher degree (PhD) with Professors Kotecha and Henderson acting as supervisors for this natural extension to our collaborative efforts. The specific aim of the projects would be to: Investigate the relationship between prematurity and IUGR with physical activity in the cohort and to assess the relationship of physical activity with pulmonary function measurements, cardiovascular outcomes and body composition (which we are investigating at present).