Aim: To look at the moderating effect of resilience on the effect of neighbourhood deprivation on educational outcomes and externalising problem behaviours.

Resilience is a dynamic developmental process, encompassing the attainment of positive adaptation within the context of adversity (Cicchetti, 2010). Youths with different individual characteristics respond differently to environmental stress, leading either to pathological or resilient developmental outcomes. To explore differences in vulnerability and resilience to environmental adversities, we propose to examine the interaction effects between three important individual psychological and biological characteristics